Encopresis is when bowel movements or leakage consistently occur in places other than the toilet, either voluntarily or involuntarily, in those aged 4 or older. In older children and teens, encopresis can be embarrassing and frustrating. Constipation is often associated with encopresis, particularly when there is a history of painful bowel movements and stool withholding. Stressful life events can sometimes trigger encopretic behavior, as can social anxiety around bathroom use in public places. In developmentally younger children, fear of the toilet can also cause encopresis. Once other medical causes are ruled out, treatment for encopresis typically includes medication for consistent and comfortable bowel movements combined with a behavioral program that emphasizes regular sitting, effective pushing, and gradually exploring bathroom situations that increase anxiety.
